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Technology/Procedure
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** Sulphation causes early battery death ** |
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Research studies show ETP minimizes
the accumulation and crystallization
of sulphate ions. These ions (SO4), existing in
the electrolyte (dilute sulfuric
acid), become attached to the electrodes when
discharged (the specific gravity decreases) and
return to the solution when charged (the specific
gravity increases).This is part of normal operations.
However, as this cycle is repeated,
sulphate ions that are not actually involved in
charging and discharging accumulate at the electrodes
and crystallize, thus preventing full charging
and discharging. |
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The product of this accumulation and crystallization
is called “sulphation.”
This is what causes battery performance to first deteriorate
and then die -- years earlier than necessary. Scientific
evidence as well as field tests were run on trucks,
fork lifts, buses, and golf cars, etc. has shown that
ETP extends battery life by preventing sulphation.
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** Relative gravity changes ** |
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This relative gravity, which must
increase (when charged) and decrease when discharged),
is a key indicator of a lead-acid battery’s health.
The chart shows the normal eterioration of a lead-acid
battery
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both with and without ETP. A satisfactory relative
gravity at 20oC is 1.280. A difference in specific
gravity of just 0.03 can make as much as a 20%
difference in the discharge capacity. By adding
ETP, the relative gravity will recover to 1.280
or
greater in six months to one year.
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** Results by type of battery ** |
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Field tests by the ITE Battery
Research Institute were conducted on top quality batteries
and inexpensive regular batteries -- both with and without
ETP. |
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The top quality battery maintained a high
discharge capacity for 10 cycles, with or without
ETP. After that, it deteriorated rapidly without
ETP and slowly increased capacity with ETP.
The inexpensive battery showed immediate and
rapid decreases in discharge capacity without
ETP. With ETP the capacity increased slightly
then decreased slowly.
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